Get informed first
Know the difference between typical and dangerous use before you open the conversation. (If you've read this guide, you already have.)
Pick a calm moment
Not mid-argument, not right after discovering something upsetting. The setting matters as much as the words.
Ask about the "why," not just the "what"
Substance use is often standing in for stress, loneliness, or wanting to fit in. Understanding the "why" tells you what actually needs fixing.
Name what you've noticed, specifically
Specific observations land better than broad accusations.
Offer a next step, not an ultimatum
A counseling center appointment, a health center visit, or agreeing to check in again next week. Concrete and doable beats dramatic and final.
Follow up
One conversation rarely changes a pattern alone. Help them take the next step — don't just suggest it.
The goal of the first conversation isn't to solve everything — it's to make the second conversation possible.